HPV (Human Papilloma virus) is one of the most common sexually transmitted viruses worldwide. Although most infections pass without symptoms, certain HPV types can lead to serious health issues such as cervical cancer, genital warts, and head-neck cancers. Today, vaccines against HPV can prevent a significant portion of these diseases. Administering the vaccine in childhood is crucial for achieving the highest level of protection.
What is HPV?
HPV is a family of viruses with approximately 200 different types. Some of these are considered “low-risk,” causing minor issues such as genital warts and warts on the hands and feet, while others are considered “high-risk,” particularly associated with cervical and anal cancers. HPV types 16 and 18 are responsible for about 70% of cervical cancer cases worldwide.
The virus is primarily transmitted through skin-to-skin contact, especially during sexual activity. As a result, many people encounter the virus shortly after becoming sexually active.
What is the HPV Vaccine?
HPV vaccines are biological products developed to prevent the transmission of the virus. Currently, the only vaccine recommended is the nonavalent (9-valent) vaccine, which provides protection against:
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6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58.
These vaccines largely prevent the transmission of the virus and the resulting diseases, including cancers and warts.
Why is Vaccination in Childhood Important?
The most effective time to administer the HPV vaccine is before an individual is exposed to the virus, which typically occurs before the start of sexual activity.
International health organizations like the WHO (World Health Organization) and CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) recommend that the vaccine be given starting at age 9.
Key reasons include:
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Stronger Immune Response: Studies have shown that vaccines administered during childhood create higher antibody levels compared to vaccines given at older ages.
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Longer Duration of Protection: Early HPV vaccinations have been proven to provide effective protection for many years.
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Pre-Sexual Contact Application: Administering the vaccine before exposure to the virus increases its effectiveness by over 90%. The vaccine is less effective if given after exposure.
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Community Immunity: Widespread vaccination reduces the spread of the virus, thus increasing overall protection within the population.
Vaccination for Both Girls and Boys
HPV vaccination is not only recommended for girls but also for boys. This is because HPV can cause anal cancer, genital warts, and some head-neck cancers in men as well. Furthermore, male carriers contribute to the virus’s spread.
Typically, 2 doses of the HPV vaccine are sufficient for children aged 9-14. Starting after age 15, 3 doses are recommended.
Common Questions and Answers About the Vaccine
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Is the vaccine safe?
Yes. HPV vaccines have been administered to millions of people and have shown a high safety profile. -
Are there side effects?
The most common side effects are pain at the injection site, mild fever, and headaches. Serious side effects are extremely rare. -
Should someone who has been vaccinated still get screened?
Yes. The HPV vaccine protects against the most common cancer-causing types but does not cover all HPV types. Therefore, screening tests (e.g., PAP smear) should continue after vaccination.
HPV vaccines are one of the greatest successes in cancer prevention medicine. When started in childhood, they not only increase individual protection but also contribute to the overall health of the community. As parents, if we want to give our children a healthy future, we should prioritize the HPV vaccine. Remember: Cancer can be a preventable disease!
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